Kidney Res Clin Pract > Volume 41(2); 2022 > Article |
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Authors’ contributions
Conceptualization: SK
Study design: JYR, EB
Data curation, Formal analysis: HES, SSH, SK
Investigation: SSH, JJM, JP, HES
Supervision: SK, SSH, JCJ, HJC, KYN, DC
Writing–original draft: HES
Writing–review & editing: HES, SSH, SK
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Data are expressed as number only, number (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range).
Operations were classified into two categories by expected surgery time: major operation defined as surgery duration ≥ 1 hour, and minor operation defined as surgery duration < 1 hour.
AHF, acute heart failure; AKI, acute kidney injury; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; RAS, renin-angiotensin system; WBC, white blood cell.
RERI (95% CI), 11.846 (2.426‒21.266); p = 0.014. AP (95% CI), 0.405 (0.211‒0.600); p < 0.001. SI (95% CI), 1.723 (1.227‒2.418); p = 0.002.
RERI and AP were >0, and SI was >1, suggesting an additive interaction between AKI and AHF. Hazard ratio was adjusted for age over 75 years, sex, body mass index, admission duration in days, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, ischemic heart disease, liver disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer), and medications used in the past 6 months just before admission (diuretics, renin-angiotensin system blockers, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vancomycin, and vasopressors).
AP, attributable proportion due to interaction; AKI, acute kidney injury; AHF, acute heart failure; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; RERI, relative excess risk of interaction; SI, synergy index.
Relative excess risk of interaction (95% CI), 47.042 (11.519–82.564); p = 0.009. Attributable proportion due to interaction (95% CI), 0.668 (0.496–0.840); p < 0.001.
Synergy index (95% CI), 3.11 (1.83‒5.26); p < 0.001.
Hazard ratio was adjusted for sex, body mass index, admission days, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, ischemic heart disease, liver disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer), and medications used in the last 6 months just before admission (diuretics, renin-angiotensin system blockers, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vancomycin, and vasopressors).
AKI, acute kidney injury; AHF, acute heart failure; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
RERI (95% CI), 2.428 (–3.626 to 8.482); p = 0.432. AP (95% CI), 0.170 (–0.187 to 0.526); p = 0.350. SI (95% CI), 1.224 (0.770‒1.943); p = 0.393.
RERI and AP were > 0 and SI was > 1 in patients who were ≤75 years old, while this was not the case in patients over 75 years old. AKI and AHF individually increased mortality within 1 month, regardless of age.
Hazard ratio was adjusted for sex, body mass index, admission days, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, ischemic heart disease, liver disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer), and medications used in the last 6 months just before admission (diuretics, renin-angiotensin system blockers, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vancomycin, and vasopressors).
AP, attributable proportion due to interaction; AKI, acute kidney injury; AHF, acute heart failure; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; RERI, relative excess risk of interaction; SI, synergy index.
Hyung Eun Son
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8719-3823
Jong Joo Moon
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1034-0837
Jeong-min Park
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3493-8235
Ji Young Ryu
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4134-1007
Eunji Baek
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9226-7703
Jong Cheol Jeong
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0301-7644
Ho Jun Chin
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3710-0190
Ki Young Na
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8872-8236
Dong-wan Chae
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9401-892X
Seung Seok Han
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-5261
Sejoong Kim
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-9962